A fitting is used in pipe systems to connect straight pipe or tubing sections, adapt to different sizes or shapes and for other purposes, such as regulating {or measuring) fluid flow. “Plumbing” is generally used to describe the conveyance of water, gas, or liquid waste in domestic or commercial environments; “piping” is often used to describe the high-performance (high-pressure, high-flow, high-temperature or hazardous-material) conveyance of fluids in specialized applications. “Tubing” is sometimes used for lighter-weight piping, especially those flexible enough to be supplied in coiled form.
Standard
Standard codes are followed when designing (or manufacturing) a piping system. Organizations which promulgate piping standards include:
ASME – American Society of Mechanical Engineers
A112.19.1 Enameled cast-iron and steel plumbing fixtures standards
A112.19.2 Ceramic plumbing fixtures standard
ASTM International – American Society for Testing and Materials
API – American Petroleum Institute
AWS – American Welding Society
AWWA – American Water Works Association
MSS – Manufacturers Standardization Society
ANSI – American National Standards Institute
NFPA – National Fire Protection Association
EJMA – Expansion Joint Manufacturers Association
CGA – Compressed Gas Association
Pipes must conform to the dimensional requirements of:
ASME B36.10M – Welded and seamless wrought-steel pipe
ASME B36.19M – Stainless-steel pipe
ASME B31.3 2008 – Process piping
ASME B31.4 XXXX – Power piping
The B31.3 and B31.4 codes have requirements for piping found in petroleum refineries; chemical, pharmaceutical, textile, paper, semiconductor, and cryogenic plants, and related processing plants and terminals. These codes specify requirements for materials and components, design, fabrication, assembly, erection, examination, inspection and testing of piping. The codes are applicable to piping for all fluids, including raw, intermediate and finished chemicals; petroleum products; gas, steam, air and water; fluidized solids; refrigerants, and cryogenic fluids.
Post time: Aug-24-2021